Heat stroke is a medical emergency. Learn to recognize the symptoms listed above and take the appropriate action. The heat stroke victim needs to go to the emergency room as soon as possible, but the first step is to get the core temperature under control.
If you suspect someone has heat stroke, begin treating them immediately while someone else calls 9-1-1. Everything must be done to cool the heat stroke victim immediately. The most effective way is to remove them from the sun and immerse the body in cold water, such as a river, stream, or bathtub. You can also fan vigorously while misting with tepid water to help cool them down until help arrives. You can also remove most of their clothes, and apply ice water towels or packs to the groin, neck, armpits, and head.
If the person starts shivering, slow down the cooling treatment, because shivering raises core temperature. Take the person's temperature every 10 minutes if you have a thermometer handy. You should aim for a core temperature of about 39°C (102°F), as too low can result in an slide towards dangerously low temperatures (hypothermia). All the while you should be making arrangements to get the victim to an emergency room. Watch for signs of respiratory arrest (breathing failure) and be ready to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (rescue breathing) if needed.
The heat exhaustion victim should also be put in a cool place. Lay them down and give small gulps of liquid every few minutes. "Sports" drinks are best but water is often more readily available. Sponge the victim with cool water and remove unnecessary clothing. You should watch carefully for signs of deterioration, but there's no need to rush to a hospital for a normal case of heat exhaustion. Symptoms should subside within 2 to 3 hours.
The way to prevent these problems is to drink very large amounts of liquid during heat waves, especially if you're planning on working or exercising outdoors. If you are exercising, you should consume approximately 500 mL to 1.8 L of water in the 3 hours before the activity and about 200 mL to 250 mL every 20 minutes during the activity. Fluid loss continues after the activity is over, so it is important to continue to consume water for several hours after exercise. Some experts suggest continuing until urine is pale in colour.
You shouldn't take salt tablets unless you're also drinking a lot of water. When in very hot environments, drink every hour whether you feel like it or not, since thirst is a late indicator of dehydration. To prevent heat stroke:
- Avoid heavy outdoor activities in the summer during the hottest times of the day (10 am to 3 pm).
- Stay out of the sun if possible.
- If you need to be in a hot environment, take 10 to 20 minutes of breaks per hour of activity in the shade or an air-conditioned space.
- Wear loose-fitting, light-coloured clothes – light colours reflect more sunlight – and a wide-brimmed hat.
- Try to relax in the shade during the hottest part of the day.
- Avoid coffee and alcohol, especially beer, due to their fluid loss effect.
All material copyright MediResource Inc. 1996 – 2022. Terms and conditions of use. The contents herein are for informational purposes only. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Source: www.medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/Heat-Stroke
